Distance Learning Implementation in Malaysian and Indonesian Schools: Are City Schools More Superior to Increase Student Independence?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.14.03.27Keywords:
Distance learning, Indonesia, Malaysia, Village School, City SchoolAbstract
This study identifies and analyzes the processes and differences in distance learning implementation between city and village schools in Indonesia and Malaysia. Characteristics of students and teachers, distance learning facilities, ability to use technology, and parent's role in the learning process will be analyzed in depth. This research will simultaneously hypothesize the link between these factors and student learning independence. This research is a mixed methods research that combines quantitative and qualitative research. This research was conducted on elementary school students in Indonesia and Malaysia located in rural and urban areas, with a total sample of 240 students ranging from low to high grades. Apart from students, as many as 60 school academics consisting of principals, teachers, and staff were also interviewed to obtain more comprehensive data and data triangulation. Data was also collected through questionnaire techniques and direct observation. Quantitative data were analyzed using a qualitative-quantitative descriptive method, while qualitative data were analyzed using an interactive model. The study results show that the distance learning implementation between city and village schools experiences a slight difference with the rapid development of information technology. Of the four aspects studied, there are aspects in which village schools are superior to city schools. These four aspects are also investigated for their influence on student learning independence so that further research can be carried out regarding the correlation of these aspects to student learning independence.
Downloads
References
Abakumova, I. V., Bakaeva, I. Al, & Kolesina, K. Y. (2016). Technologies of initiating students into independent (self-guided) activity in supplementary distance learning. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering, and Education, 4(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5937/IJCRSEE1602001A
Abdurrahmansyah, A., Sugilar, H., Ismail, I., & Warna, D. (2022). Online Learning Phenomenon: From the Perspective of Learning Facilities, Curriculum, and Character of Elementary School Students. Education Sciences, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080508
Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic and Online Learning: The Challenges and Opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
Amini, A., Prasetyo, T., & Yektyastuti, R. (2022). Hubungan Antara Pembelajaran Daring dengan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Selama Pandemi Covid-19. SITTAH: Journal of Primary Education, 3(1), 45–59.
Artisih, N. Y., Broto, B. E., & Halim, A. (2022). The Utilization Of Gadgets As A Learning Media During The Covid-19 Students Of The Ibtidaiyah Madrasah Al-Ikhlas Dusun Sidomulyo. International Journal Of Community Service, 2(1), 153–156. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijcs.v2i1.78
Ayu, E. R., Yusmansyah, Y., & Utaminingsih, D. (2017). Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa. ALIBKIN (Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling), 5(6), 41–53. http://jurnal.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/ALIB/article/view/14650
Aziz, M. N. A., Bukhari, N., Yusoff, N. M., Ibrahim, Y., Karim, A. M. A., Awang, M. I., & Shapii, A. (2023). A Study on The Implementation of Remote Learning : Malaysian Students’ Struggles and Suggestions for Improvement. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 12(1), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i1.23590
Bamzar, S. A. S., & Khademi, H. (2014). The Role of Urban Villages in the Development of Surrounding Villages. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(4), 1414–1418.
Budiyani, W., & Sujarwo, S. (2019). The Impact of Internet Application as Resource of Learning on Students’ Independence Learning. 3rd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Proceedings, 3, 7–12.
Darmurtika, L. A., Akhmad, A., Suyasa, I. M., & ... (2021). the Us of Gadgets Wisely During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Junior Hight School Students. JCES (Journal of …, 5(1), 276–284. http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/JCES/article/view/6185%0Ahttp://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/JCES/article/download/6185/pdf
Dorn, E., Hancock, B., Sarakasannis, J., & Viruleg, E. (2020). COVID-19 and Student Learning in The United States: The Hurt Could Last a Lifetime. Society for Research in Child Development, 1–9. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Public and Social Sector/Our Insights/COVID-19 and student learning in the United States The hurt could last a lifetime/COVID-19-and-student-learning-in-the-United-States-FINAL.pdf%0Ahttps://www.mckinse
Dwiaryanti, R., & Rahman, F. (2021). An Analyzing the Impact Pandemic of Covid-19 To the Education in Indonesia: Students, Teachers and Parents. Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v2i2.92
Efendi, N., & Sartika, S. B. (2021). Filsafat Sains. UMSIDA Press.
Fajrillah, F., Mohamad, Z., & Novarika, W. (2018). Smart City Vs Smart Village. Jurnal Mantik Penusa, 2(1), 1–6.
Gilaninia, R. (2015). Village, Villagers and Rural Development. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies, 3(6), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.12816/0010959
Hasanah, N. Z., Istiqomah, I., & Saputra, K. D. (2022). The Effect of Using Gadgets on The Level of Learning and Spirituality of Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic. Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 3(1), 66–77. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v3i1.220
Hidayat, D. R., Rohaya, A., Nadine, F., & Ramadhan, H. (2020). Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid -19. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 34(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.21009/pip.342.9
Ihwanah, A., Handayani, T., & Laily, N. (2022). The Impact Of Gadget Use On Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Character Of Elementary School Students. Jurnal Scientia, 11(1), 232–235. http://seaninstitute.org/infor/index.php/pendidikan/article/view/461%0Ahttp://seaninstitute.org/infor/index.php/pendidikan/article/download/461/395
Iivari, N., Sharma, S., & Ventä-Olkkonen, L. (2020). Digital transformation of everyday life – How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care? International Journal of Information Management, 55(June), 102183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102183
Kusmaryono, I., Jupriyanto, J., & Kusumaningsih, W. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on the Effectiveness of Distance Learning : Problems, Opportunities, Challenge, and Predictions. International Journal of Education, 14(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.17509/ije.v14i1.29191
Kusumadewi, R. F., Yustiana, S., & Nasihah, K. (2020). Menumbuhkan Kemandirian Siswa Selama Pembelajaran Daring Sebagai Dampak COVID-19 Di SD. JRPD (Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar), 1(1), 7–13.
Lapele, F., Kartowagiran, B., Haryanto, H., & Wahyunanto, E. (2021). Heutagogy : The Most Holistic Approach Utilizing Technology in Learning. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Current Issues in Education (ICCIE 2021), 640(Iccie), 154–159.
Lau, E., Yen, Y., & Mohamad, M. (2020). Utilising E-Learning to Assist Primary School ESL Pupils in Learning to Spell during COVID-19 Pandemic : A Literature Review. Creative Education, 11, 1223–1230. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2020.118091
Maher, D. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Australian Primary and Secondary School Students’ Online Learning Experiences. Social Education Research, November, 298–314. https://doi.org/10.37256/ser.2220211062
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook 3rd Edition. Sage Publication, Inc.
Potiropoulos, P. (2012). Between City and Village: Cultural Practices, Socio-economic Relations and Fluid Localities. International Journal of Anthropology, 27(3), 197–206.
Pratiwi, K. E., Haniarti, H., & Usman, U. (2020). The Influence of Parents on Children’s Independence in Primary School 38 State Parepare City. Jurnal Ilmiah Manusia Dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 31–41.
Rasmitadila, R., Aliyyah, R. R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The Perceptions of Primary School Teachers of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period : A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90–109. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/388
Rufaidah, L. N., Umamah, N., Sumardi, S., Marjono, M., & Surya, R. A. (2021). Learning Environment Technology-Based in Improving Students’ Independent Learning. 3rd International Conference on Environmental Geography and Geography Education, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 747, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012056
Salazar, C. L., & Aboloc, A. C. (2022). Parents as New Frontliners o f Education : Their Role to Students ’ Learning in the New Normal. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 4(1), 71–87.
Sarier, Y., & Uysal, S. (2022). Emergency Remote Teaching During Covid-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Opportunities and Future Suggestions. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(4), 184–195. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1182777
Scarpellini, F., Segre, G., Cartabia, M., Zanetti, M., Campi, R., Clavenna, A., & Bonati, M. (2021). Distance learning in Italian primary and middle school children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11026-x
Setiawan, B., & Iasha, V. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic: The Influence of Full-Online Learning for Elementary School in Rural Areas. JPSD, 6(2), 114–123.
Sheng, C. C., Airin, K., Abu, F., & Shahbudin, F. E. (2023). Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Malaysian and Indonesian Educators in Tertiary Institutions. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 12(1), 403–411. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i1.23979
Shumeiko, N., & Nypadymka, A. (2021). ICT-Supported Students ’ Independent Work in The Esp Context : The New Reality in Tertiary Education. Advanced Education, 18, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.223286
Silverajah, V. S. G., & Govindaraj, A. (2017). The Use of Digitized Self-Learning Resources to Enhance Students’ Independent Learning. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, December, 131–135. https://doi.org/10.1145/3175536.3175544
Sri, S. (2021). Pemerintah Salurkan Bantuan Kuota Data Internet ke 24,4 juta Penerima. Kominfo.Go.Id. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/36912/pemerintah-salurkan-bantuan-kuota-data-internet-ke-244-juta-penerima/0/berita
Sriwongo, L., Tumanggor, R. O., & Tasdin, W. (2022). Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Kemandirian pada Anak Remaja. Seri Seminar Nasional Ke-IV Universitas Tarumanegara (SERINA IV UNTAR), 423–426.
Subbarao, A., Lee, Y., & Lilian, A. (2021). Remote Learning Challenges by Public School Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown : Malaysian Case. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 3(3), 73–86.
Sufian, S. A., Nordin, N. A., Tauji, S. S. N., & Nasir, M. K. M. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on the Malaysian Education System. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education & Development, 9(2), 764–774. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v9-i2/7659
Sunarmi, S., Sari, D. A. W., & Sudrajat, A. K. (2023). The Correlation Between School Level, Gender, Gadget Ownership, and Types of Internet Access in The Online Learning Process of High School Students. AIP Conference Proceedings 2569. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0112597
Sunarty, K. (2016). Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua dan Kemandirian Anak. Journal of EST, 2(3), 152–160.
Sunaryo, A. (2020). Pemkot Solo Bagikan 1.500 Smartphone Untuk Siswa Kurang Mampu. Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/pemkot-solo-bagikan-1500-smartphone-untuk-siswa-kurang-mampu.html
Surahman, E., Kurniawan, C., & Pratama, U. N. (2021). The Appropriate Remote Learning Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Schools in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology and Education (ICITE 2021), 609, 120–127.
Sutriadi, R. (2018). Defining Smart City, Smart Region, Smart Village, and Technopolis as An Innovative Concept in Indonesia’s Urban and Regional Development Themes to Reach Sustainability. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 202(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/202/1/012047
Thandevaraj, E. J., Gani, N. A. N., & Nasir, M. K. M. (2021). A Review of Psychological Impact on Students Online Learning during Covid-19 in Malaysia. Creative Education, 12, 1296–1306. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.126097
Umairoh, S., & Ichsan, I. (2018). Perbedaan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Kemandirian Anak. Golden Age Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini, 3(3), 157–165.
WaruwuSari, W. A. K., Sari, S. M., Jalaluddin, J., Manurung, F. W. S., Purba, S., & Saragi, L. P. (2022). The Use of Gadgets As E-Learning Basis during The COVID-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of International Conference on Multidiciplinary Research, 4(1), 141–145. https://doi.org/10.32672/pic-mr.v4i1.3778
Wulanningtyas, N. D., & Fauzan, F. (2022). The Influence of Creativity and Learning Motivation on Students ’ Learning Independence with Friend Support as Moderating Variables. International Journal of Social and Management Studies (IJOSMAS), 3(1), 196–207.
Yao, J., Rao, J., Jiang, T., & Xiong, C. (2020). What Role Should Teachers Play in Online Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 5(2), 517–524. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.ar035
Yates, A., Starkey, L., Egerton, B., & Flueggen, F. (2020). High School Students’ Experience of Online Learning During Covid-19: The Influence of Technology and Pedagogy. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1854337
Zain, N. M., Mut, N. A. I. C., Norhan, S. H., & Rahim, W. M. R. W. A. (2022). Impact of the Home Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia : A Qualitative Review from Parents ’ Perspective. International Journal of Education and Research, 10(5), 37–48.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
