Botulinum Toxin A for Treatment-Resistant Alopecia Areata: A Critical Review of Evidence and Mechanisms

Authors

  • Mahmoud Yousry AbdelMawla, Fathia Mohamed Khattab, Eman Hassan Abdelbary , Menna Allah Hamed Abdel Aziz

Keywords:

Botulinum Toxin A, Treatment-Resistant Alopecia Areata

Abstract

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disorder characterized by nonscarring hair lossresulting from collapse of hair follicle immune privilege and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Although recentadvances, particularly Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have transformed management of moderate-to-severe disease, a subset of patients remains treatment-resistant or experiences

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References

Gilhar A, Etzioni A, Paus R. Alopecia areata. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(16):1515-1525.

Pratt CH, King LE Jr, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP. Alopecia areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17011.

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Published

2024-03-20

How to Cite

Mahmoud Yousry AbdelMawla, Fathia Mohamed Khattab, Eman Hassan Abdelbary , Menna Allah Hamed Abdel Aziz. (2024). Botulinum Toxin A for Treatment-Resistant Alopecia Areata: A Critical Review of Evidence and Mechanisms . Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 14(3), 947–956. Retrieved from https://www.pegegog.net/index.php/pegegog/article/view/4910

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): PEGEGOG

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Article

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