Dr. Hamed Ali. “Revisiting Ibn Khaldun’s Discourse on Knowledge Transmission in Islam: A Critical Analysis of Arab and Non-Arab Contributions”. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction 15, no. 4 (July 20, 2025): 2505–2521. Accessed January 20, 2026. https://www.pegegog.net/index.php/pegegog/article/view/4443.